Finding Xpath in different Ways

Finding Xpath in different Ways 

1.) //tagname[@attribute='value'] // to go to any class r any value

 like id r tag etc.... drictly give //tagname[@class='value']

2.) //tagname[text()='xxx'] // to go to any text directly 

give dat in xpath // tagname[text()='gotodattext'

3.) //tagname[contains(text(),'xxx')] // to find 

any text is there r not in the linktext if spaces are there we use this

4) //tagname[@att='value']/parent::ul // to go to immediate upper attribute we use this

5.) //tagname[@att='value']/div // to go to immediate lower attribute we use this

6) //tagname[@att='value']/ancestor::div //to go to any of the upper

 attribute we use this by giving that attribute

7) //tagname[@att='value']/descendant::div // to go to any lower attribute we use

 this by giving that attribute

8) //tagname[@att='value']/following-sibling::li //to go to any

 upper attribute which are in the parent class we use this by giving that attribute 

9) //tagname[@att='value']/preceding-sibling::li // to go to any lower 

attribute which are in the parent class we use this by giving that attribute 

//a[contains(text(),'Books')]
//div[@class='footer-menu-wrapper']/div[1]/ul/li[1]
(//div[@class='footer-menu-wrapper']/div)[2]/ul/li[2]